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Newfoundland fishing outport "Newfoundland" (originally, Terra Nova ) was named by the Portuguese Joćo Vaz Corte-Real in 1472 , making it the oldest European name in North America. The only authenticated Viking settlement in North America was discovered on this island by Norwegian explorer Dr. Helge Ingstad and his archaeologist wife, Anne Stine Ingstad , at L'Anse aux Meadows in 1960 . The site of a multi-year archaeological dig, the settlement dating to more than 500 years before Christopher Columbus contains the earliest European structures in North America. Named a World Heritage site by UNESCO , it is believed to be the legendary Vinland settlement of explorer Leif Ericson . After the Vikings, the first permanent European settlers in Newfoundland were Irish fishermen , who named the island Talamh an Éisc , meaning "island of fish" in Irish Gaelic . This was to foreshadow the centuries of importance of Newfoundland's offshore fishing waters. Newfoundland was explored by Didrik Pining in 1472 (together with Joćo Vaz Corte-Real ) and later by Giovanni Caboto ( John Cabot ), Giovanni da Verrazano in 1524 , whose expedition was financed by the citizens of Lyon , under the auspices of King Franēois I of France . On July 5 , 1610 , John Guy set sail from Bristol , England with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland. French and Basque colonists also arrived to settle on the west coast of Newfoundland. The French called it Terre Neuve . The name Newfoundland is one of the oldest European place names in Canada in continuous geographical and cartographical use, dating from a 1502 letter. Points of Interest and Major Settlements Cod, the traditional mainstay of Newfoundland fisheries Being one of the first places discovered in the New World , Newfoundland has a rich history. St. John's is considered to be the oldest city in North America. Besides the places mentioned above, there are several other key spots with deep cultural history. Stephenville , a town of about 8000, once served as an airport base for the US army in the early 1940s . It is about 20 miles north of its former train station, which is surrounded by the town of Stephenville Crossing . Also on the West Coast, Corner Brook is situated in the Bay of Islands region. The major industry in Corner Brook is logging, and is serviced by the Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Mill. Sandy Point , which is located in Bay Saint George and north of the town of St. George's , was the first and largest settlement of the west coast. However, the last settler, Alphonsus Swyers, was forced to abandon in 1973 . Barachois Brook Park is the major park in Newfoundland. It is also considered to be a model forest . Marble Mountain is a major attraction in the winter for skiers. It is said to be the best skiing east of the Rocky Mountains or "Rockies" Newfoundland is also host to a well-recognized university, Memorial University of Newfoundland , based in St. John's .
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