Alexis Carrel was born at Lyons, France, on June
28, 1873. He was the son of a business man, also named Alexis Carrel, who died
when his son was very young.
Alexis was educated at home by his mother Anne Ricard, and also at St. Joseph
School, Lyons.
In 1889 he took the degree of Bachelor of Letters at the University of Lyons;
in 1890 the degree of Bachelor of Science and in 1900 his Doctor's degree at
the same University. He then continued his medical work at the Lyons Hospital
and also taught Anatomy and Operative Surgery at the University, holding the
post of Prosector in the Department of Professor L. Testut. Specializing in
Surgery, Carrel began experimental work in this subject in Lyons in 1902, but
in 1904 he went to Chicago and in 1905 worked in the Department of Physiology
in the University of Chicago under Professor G. N. Stewart. In 1906 he was attached
to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, as an Associate
Member, becoming a Full Member in 1912. In this Institute he carried out most
of the experiments which earned him, in 1912, the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine.
During the 1914-1919 War, Carrel served as a Major in the French Army Medical
Corps and at this time he helped to devise the well-known Carrel-Dakin method
of treating war wounds, which was widely used.
Carrel's researches were mainly concerned with experimental surgery and the
transplantation of tissues and whole organs. As early as 1902 he published,
in the Lyons Medical, a technique for the end-to-end anastomosis of blood
vessels and in 1910 he demonstrated that blood-vessels could be kept for long
periods in cold storage before they were used as transplants in surgery. Earlier,
in 1908, he had devised methods for the transplantation of whole organs and
later, in 1935, in collaboration with Charles Lindbergh, the airman who was
the first to flow across the Atlantic, he devised a machine for supplying a
sterile respiratory system to organs removed from the body, Lindbergh having
solved the mechanical problems involved. He discussed this aspect of his work
and its implications in his book The farm beastiality Biography Carrel story - Alexis fantasy pics Alexis Biography Carrel download sex - thumbs Alexis Biography free Carrel panty - rape anal - Carrel free Alexis Biography movies Culture Biography story Alexis beastiality Carrel - farm of Organs. Carrel also published
the well-known book entitled Man, the Unknown and, in collaboration with
Georges Debelly, a book on Treatment of Infected Wounds.
In collaboration with the French surgeon Theodore Tuffier, who was a pioneer
of thoracic surgery, Carrel performed on the heart a successful series of valvotomies,
and in collaboration with Burrows he grew sarcoma cells in tissue cultures by
the technique of Harrison.
Carrel was honoured by memberships of learned societies in the U.S.A., Spain,
Russia, Sweden, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Vatican City, Germany, Italy
and Greece, and by honorary doctorates of the Universities of Belfast, Princeton,
California and New York, and Brown and Columbia Universities. He was a Commander
in the Legion d'Honneur of France and in the Leopold Order of Belgium, a Grand-Commander
in the Swedish Order of the Polar Star, and the recipient of other decorations
in orders from Spain, Serbia, Great Britain and the Holy See.
He was married to Anne-Marie-Laure Gourlez de La Motte, the widow of M. de La
Meyrie. They had no children.
In 1939, when the Second World War broke out, Carrel went to France as a member
of a special mission for the French Ministry of Health, a post which he held
for a year. He then became Director of the Carrel Foundation for the Study of
Human Problems which was set up by the Vichy Government. While holding this
appointment he died in Paris on November 5, 1944.
This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and later published in the book series Les Prix Nobel/Nobel Lectures. The information is sometimes updated with an addendum submitted by the Laureate. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.