Publication In Good Faith For Redress Of Wrong

This Site Is Dedicated To Malpractice Prevention

There's a trend in the UK towards prosecuting doctors for manslaughter. Some are even ending up in jail. So I think that the message I¡¯m giving you is that if Canadian doctors and nurses do something really serious or show a blatant disregard for a patient¡¯s welfare, then such person(s) can and should be threatened, charged and prosecuted with criminal charges.

The Arlene Berry Case

"Truth Cannot Live on a Diet of Secrets
Withering Within Entangled Lies"

H. Michael Sweeney

 Health is an issue that affects everyone, one that cuts across class, race, and sex lines. Our health care organizing will have at least two goals; (1) building those kinds or struggles which more people to challenge the particular abuses of local institutions and providers, and (2) giving people a sense of the kind of quality of care they have a right to, and should demand, from this, or any other system.

Introduction

 

This report represents more than 4000 man hours time expended in research and private investigation into what can only be described as one of the most hideous crimes of the century perpetrated by doctors and nurses in Northeastern Ontario in order to save face.  I have sketched the general nature of the evidence which I will present. It bespeaks of medical blunders and medical stupidity and the taking of an innocent life (the end result is a 41 year old mother of two children gone) due to medical stupidity and despicable hospital cost-containment policies. 

That we are living in a disposable society, without values,  there is not a shadow of a doubt. Such are crimes as in this case ranging from criminal negligence to outright fraud and fraudulent concealment to corporate (hospital) criminal cover-up, criminal conspiracy and government acquiescence, obstruction of justice and collusion utilizing half truths, bald falsehoods and all the cloak and dagger techniques known to spies to obfuscate the truth; paradoxically, we have a rise to prominence of a powerful minority of misguided zealots opposed to truth and justice. In terms of a conspiracy and coverup, silence doesn't only imply concealment, it also infers guilt.

There are many individuals whose otherwise happy and productive life has been destroyed or doomed by hidious crimes perpetrated by medical professionals resulting in iatrogenic injury or debilitating and/or fatal disease and unnecessary death due to homicidal criminal negligence or outright medical stupidity. Pressing action for criminal accountability is urgently needed in preventing such events from occuring in future. This present climate of impunity in Ontario courts has only encouraged bad doctors to flout the Criminal Code. The Federal Court of Canada may offer some relief, since federal authority for criminal law and procedure ensures fair and consistent treatment of criminal behaviour across the country.
 

Truth & Justice Demanded

 

A PHYSICIAN CANNOT ESCAPE the essential principle: Primum non nocere    "First Do No Harm". Whenever you grant immunity from fault you breed irresponsibility.  No policy change or audit will ever bring back this young mom. However, by making the doctors and nurses criminally accountable, this investigator hopes to ensure that the likelihood of a similar recurrence will not happen again.  This has nothing to do with a drug reaction per se, but rather it has everything to do with ignoring outcome to near fatal conclusions, and medical homicide.

My mission is to ultimately prove criminal homicide, and criminal negligence, including corporate criminal liability, together with the facts of this case, with scientific precision if need be, and to ultimately utilize the criminal justice system to the fullest to punish all those involved in Arlene Berry's death and subsequent cover-up

 Let it be known that I am NOT interested in  blood money.   What I want is   "JUSTICE"  for Arlene Berry,  nothing more, nothing less.

Evidence Based Medicine  

 

The information contained herein is based on evidence based  research,  computer assisted.

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) 7 is a clinical discipline that has emerged in the 1990's.    It is a discipline that formalises the long-practised principle of basing clinical practice on scientific evidence

Evidence-based medicine is a process of systematically finding, appraising, and using research findings as the basis for clinical decisions  based on the formulation of relevant question concerning a patient's problem.

Compare: PROBLEM SOLVING

 

These are the facts:

 

In December of 1999,  Arlene Berry was sent to Timmins & District Hospital in Timmins, Ontario where she was diagnosed, according to her physician,  "with carcinoma of the left main bronchus with residual cancer of the aorta due to a complete collapse of the left lung". Her family MD,  Dr. Edward Henry  11 had misdiagnosed  her in that he had been treating her assumptively  for what he termed a "suspected bronchitis".  It took another doctor to read her X-ray chart and to order more appropriate testing before anything was done.

On or about January 12th of 2000 Arlene Berry was admitted to the Timmins & District Hospital under the care of Dr. Claudio De La Rocha  12  where a left lung pneumonectomy  13 was successfully performed on January 13th of 2000. Arlene Berry was a small woman with a low body weight and although she had a diminished lung capacity her right lung was seen to function quite well following surgery. She was released 5 days later. Following her return home to Kirkland Lake,  Arlene confided that the surgeon who operated on her felt that the cancerous lung "did not appear to be smoking related".

On or about March 16th of 2000 Arlene Berry returned to Timmins where she underwent follow-up study and testing at the same hospital consisting of a CT scan 14, including  a  mediastinoscopy 15  with   mediastinotomy 16  as  part  of  a  perioperative 17 evaluation.  Following that testing,  Arlene had confided  "I don't have AIDS or brain tumors or anything like that, but I might have a cyst".   Cystitis is a bacterial infection of the bladder or lower urinary tract. Compare Polycist Immage, for example, associated with Polycystic Kidney Disease in patients with Azotemia. She also confided that she  "might have an infection".  She mumbled something about how  "some people could be carriers and not even know it".  I assumed she might be talking about hepatitis, what I took to mean a carrier or suspected carrier of an infectious disease and really didn't really give it much thought because up until then I had complete faith in the healthcare providers to do the right thing, something I have since lost altogether.

Arlene  was then referred to the Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre situated at the Laurentian Site (41 Ramsey Lake Road), Sudbury for consideration of  radiation therapy under the care of Dr. Hugh Prichard,  18 a  radiation oncologist19.

By the end of April of 2000 Arlene Berry had completed a  5 week postoperative course of radiation therapy.  In light of this treatment,  her condition was seen to be stable.  Postoperative testing results done on March 16th in Timmins were  seen to be very encouraging  and from that treatment and testing it seems clear that Arlene Berry had every reason to expect a partial remission, or stable condition.
 

On May 23rd of 2000,  and on the days before,  Arlene Berry  presented to the Kirkland and District Hospital with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, sedation, dizziness, headache, and  mild diffuse weakness.

CAVEAT:   DRUG INDUCED MYOPATHY  -  The onset of clinical manifestations of drug-induced myopathy  usually develops insidiously and can occur from days to months after exposure to the causative agent. Commonly, patients present with nonspecific complaints of progressive, generalized muscle weakness (diffuse weakness) muscle pain (myalgia), or fatigue.  Proximal or diffuse muscle weakness of the arms and legs is the hallmark symptom in Toxic Myopathies and infections in hypokalemic myopathies.     Compare Muscle wasting and diffuse weakness in combined  effects of sepsis and  multiple  organ  failure, and such as seen in encephalitis and meningitis.

The progressive course of this patient's headache, as well as nausea and vomiting had  suggested the presence of increased intracranial pressure.   NO toxicology screening was done.

In addition to the radiation therapy consisting of  nuclear medicine  Arlene Berry   had also been prescribed and given MS Contin 22 , including  STATEX  23   for  pain management,  both  of which are  morphine with constipating properties. 24  Because morphine may increase  biliary-tract 25  pressure,  some patients with  biliary colic 26  for example, may experience worsening rather than relief of pain.  Morphine has many side effects 30. The most dangerous is respiratory depression 31.  In frail patients,  as the respiratory rate decreases,  the patient becomes increasingly sedated 32. See: Morphine Risk Groups 33. Compare: Opioid overdose 34.  See: Drug overdose   Compare: Sedation  Compare: Nuclear Medicine cases by study type

Compare:  Intra-abdominal abscess,  27 ,Colonic obstruction and Opiod dependance 29 .

 

Common  drug side effects  include   nausea, vomiting, sedation, dizziness, headache and weakness.

 

A-5  of the record documents the patient's presenting complaint as "headaches accompanied by severe stomache pain"  that  is  consistent  with  the  "abdominal  pain  ongoing  for  2  weeks"   for  which   she   was   prescribed    "antibiotics" 35.  Compare: Antibiotic Classes.The RN who saw her noted that she had been takingMS Contin 22  (morphine) for her pain   and also that she had  "stopped  taking the morphine",   noting also her past medical history consisting of "taking radiation". There is nothing on the record to suggest that this patient had been examined for her stomach pain, either for constipation 36 or possible bowel blockage 37 associated with the morphine. People with bowel obstructions may repeatedly vomit yellow or green colored bile, and may have a distended (swollen, uncomfortable) abdomen. Stomach pain is also a prominent finding associated with dehydration 38, including constipation.  

Most sickness and health problems start from a toxic colon.  Toxic megacolon is a life-threatening complication of other intestinal conditions, characterized by a very dilated colon, abdominal distention, and sometimes fever, abdominal pain, or shock.  Colon cleansing usually  eliminates the underlying causes of stomach pain.  Conditions listing complications: Constipation:


The same record at  A-5  documents a Blood Pressure (a normal blood pressure reading for healthy adults is below 120 systolic and 80 diastolic, or below 120/80) 39 of 115/75 at 17:05 hours on May 23rd that by 18:45 hours had dropped to 100/50,  as evidenced at  A-21  of the record seen in the upper left hand corner, barely visible in the shaded box.

According to family,  Arlene Berry had stopped taking the morphine at home due to "increasing severity of constipation  requiring extra laxative and tap water douches to assist with stool evacuation" (straining to evacuate the bowel can increase intracranial pressure), and also due to dizziness, 40 marked by a sense of uneasiness progressing to unsteadiness or "lack of motor coordination" 41. Ataxia  42 symptoms are similar to alcohol intoxication 43  and include staggering ataxia/gait 44 . Compare C I P R O Information and Side Effects. There is also evidence of  "inappropriate behaviour" 45  as witnessed by family and friends.

From the records it is also clear that Arlene Berry had a history of  "opiate" use, including Acetaminophen 46 (Tylenol),  among other medications as evidenced by her Rx list 47 . There is nothing on the record to suggest that the patient was ever tested or examined for possible side effects 48  associated with the MORPHINE 49 she had been prescribed, such as  opioid-induced nausea and vomiting 50 , or for possible other side effects such as associated with the withdrawal from opiates. Respiratory depression is also a hallmark of opioid toxicity and is the result of CNS depression. 51.  Compare Morphine Side Effects. 52. Many drugs and medications produce withdrawal symptoms
when their use is discontinued. 

Following her postoperative course of radiation therapy, Arlene Berry had remained quite well until about one week prior to her admission to the Kirkland and District Hospital on the 23rd of May 2000. Over that week she had developed  headaches 53 that at times had become increasingly severe. A severe headache is a common but not invariable accompaniment of intracranial causes of nausea 54. and vomiting. When a Headache Isn't Just a Headache

According to Dr. Jordan  "she had presented to the ED (emergency department) several days before with vomiting and it was thought that she had a  "UTI",  55,  to rule out delay in seeking treatment.  Dr. Jordan goes on to state that "she was given antibiotics  and sent home" as evidenced at  A-8  of the hospital record.   It is also clear that she was rejected for moderate dehydration due to excessive vomiting  56 on the days before which had been grounds for admission at that time. Rare but serious side effect of antibiotics is encephalopathy if given at high dose or in renal failure. Encephalopathy is caused by toxic waste compounds such as ammonia, certain fatty acids or other by-products of protein digestion which are not cleared by the liver from the bloodstream. An elevated serum ammonia level is characteristic but not essential, and correlates poorly with the level of encephalopathy. This poisonous ammonia can circulate in the blood, and as it passes through the liver, the ammonia is converted to another breakdown product, urea. Assessment of Liver Dysfunction Is Essential.Compare: TABLE - Common precipitants of hepatic encephalopathy. See also Iatrogenic renal disease

 Compare Acute Hepatic Failure  (May not be associated with fever. May aggravate encephalopathy). See also Infective endocarditis Compare: Urethritis

According to the record at  A-6  she returned to the ED (Emergency Department) on May 23rd of 2000 with  "the very same complaints". On examination the physician who saw her documented positive "bowel sounds" 57 consistent with physical findings of  hyperactive  bowel  sounds 58 ,  (... bowel sounds often indicates constipation), a sign of abdominal  distention 59   which can rapidly  progress  to  intestinal obstruction 60  in  which  bowel  sounds  become  hypoactive 61   due  to  paralytic  Ileus 62.  Compare Abdominal symptoms (nausea, abdominal pain or distention) associated with  Heart Failure Cached

The same record,  what I take to be Dr. Spiller's  Physical examination  also documents a "soft, non-tender" 63 abdomen, with  "no reboundtenderness" 64, and  "no masses" 65.  Rebound abdominal tenderness is common but  nonspecific in liver trauma 66.  Submit that an enlarged liver 67 usually feels soft due to hepatomegaly 68 (liver enlargement)  a sign of liver disease.  It is also associated with fatty infiltration 69, congestion  and early obstruction  of the bile ducts 70. Distinct  masses  71, on the other hand, suggest either a growth or lessions 72.   The record  clearly  documents  "no masses".  Hepatomegally 68 is also associated with Clinical Diabetes. 73.  See BILE FACT SHEET.  74  Compare Cholangitis

 

 Neurophysiology Simulator : Neurotrauma can be simply expressed as damage to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Compare: TraumaticBrain Injury - Epidemiology - Pathophysiology   A resource for drug induced coma

Compare  iatrogenic, toxic and metabolic neuropathies. Chronic Inflammatory Neuropathies

What also appears to be a referral at  A-6 of the medical record,  a chart copy  from the admitting physician directed to the attention of the attending physician documents what I take to be a provisional  diagnosis  81 of "vomiting".  Submit that vomiting is NOT a diagnosis but rather a symptom  82 of many causes. See:  Nausea and vomiting Further, a question appears to have been raised (but also ignored) with respect to possible metastatic 83 cancer of the brain,  leaving the etiology 84 of the vomiting and the stomach pain  left undetermined for the attention of the patient's family MD, namely,  Dr. Jordan.  Submit that stomach pain concurrent with nausea and vomiting points to the "abdomen"85 as the source of the problem.  There are NO records to suggest that the ED physician  had  ever  bothered  to take the time to perform a Complete Physical 86 or a Neurological Examination 87 of this oncology 88 patient. Compare:  Oncologic Emergencies  89.

See MEDICAL ONCOLOGY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW.

 

From the record it is clear that NO diagnosis 90 or differential diagnosis  91 was made at that time, or at all, as evidenced by the record at  A-3.  From the same record it is also clear that nothing was entered because nothing was done.  A  reasonable  physician  would  have correctly diagnosed the patient's  condition  by doing what  Dr. Jordan and all those who attended to Arlene Berry failed to do in his absence.

In the last day or two she tended pulling to the right  when walking, a sign of toxic ataxia  92, lack of motor coordination 41, or vascular limb ischemia 93, or  weakness on one side of the body  94 (hemiparesis) ,  and for the two-week period prior to her hospital admission her headaches were accompanied by nausea, vomiting and drowsiness that were thought to be associated with a bout of the "flu" .

Submit that clinical features of brain abscesses are associated with a progressively severe headache  95 in 70%-90% of patients with brain abscesses. Epidural Abscesses are usually mixed infections that include anaerobes micro-aerophilic strep. and Staph aureus. An epidural abscess is caused by infection in the area between the bones of the skull or spine, and the outer meninges (the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord). An epidural abscess is a medical emergency. See also   MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: The flu

Patients with limb ischemia 93 present with the classic signs of  pulselessness, pallor, and paralysis due to SHOCK = cardiovascular collapse 96.  Indeed, these are also signs and symptoms of a stroke 97, i.e. ischemic stroke 98 or thrombotic stroke 99, such as caused from interruption of  blood flow  to the brain by a blood clot 100. An ischemic 101 (or clot) stroke occurs when a blood clot obstructs flow of blood to a portion of the brain due to inadequate blood flow. 102  

In meningitis the disease can block blood vessels in the brain, causing stroke and permanent brain damage.
Compare hemorrhagic shock . Injuries to the liver or spleen are common causes of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock (HS) initiates an inflammatory cascade that includes the production of cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils (PMN) and may progress to organ failure, inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
The hallmark of shock syndromes is a drop in blood pressure.

Ischemic stroke is a life- threatening event in which part of the brain does not receive oxygen, usually due to a blood clot. Compare also Transient ischemic attack 103 (TIA) such as caused by an interruption of blood flow to brain cells.

The emergency record from the hospital dated May 22nd of 2000,  seen at OP-54 documents a recent history of hematuria 104 (blood in urine ) for three days and a prescription for Ciprofloxacin 105 (Cipro),   for treatment of Urinary Tract Infection 106. Cipro is an antibiotic indicated in the treatment of a variety of  infections, including the "flu". Notably also, the same drug  is given when superimposed bacterial   infection 107from Radiation Toxicity 108   such as  ulcerative colitis, for example,  is present.  Bacteremia in febrile patients. A clinical model for diagnosis.

The True Story of Cipro    MedlinePlus Drug Information: Ciprofloxacin  Compare  Radiation toxicity: See: Acute radiation syndrome.     Clinical Radiation Toxicity

eMedicine - Intestinal Radiation Injury : Article by Rajeev ...
THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 177, CNS Neoplasms

Protocols - Radiation Injuries

Ciprofloxacin can potentiate existing renal insufficiency 109 and may enhance concomitant drug toxicity (drug toxicity can mimic or be superimposed on rejection or infection) with enhanced potential for Ototoxicity110. Compare: gait/ataxia in ototoxicity 111 , which can effect  ballance,  with  damage to balance functions. See:  Gait ataxia in ototoxicity.

Liver failure associated with ciprofloxacin  was reported in the Lancet in 1994 112. Ciprofloxacin has been implicated in several cases of acute renal  failure 113 and is the most established fluoroquinolone 114   (any of a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics derived from nalidixic acid)  to cause such renal dysfunction.  Ototoxic Medications

 A-6  of the ED physician's chart documents  "This patient has come in with headache, vomiting, increasing head pain and some difficulty ambulating due to dizziness".  The  same  record  documents  "mild diffuse  weakness" 114.  Further, A-22  of the record documents the patient's cognitive  perceptual  pattern  as  "sedated" 115 as evidenced by a  mark in the lower left heading of that record.

The same record documents "blood when voiding" 116, and also that she had been given "antibiotics for 1 week",  including the "1 given now".  The same record also documents "large blood trace leukocytes" 117, what are the White Blood Cells 118. The blood contains erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), platelets and blood plasma. The number, type and age of the white blood corpuscles reflect the state of the body's immune system and ability to combat infection, or infectious disease. Thus in the presence of infection, the healthy body pours millions of white cells into the bloodstream. 

The normal white blood cell (WBC) count is 5,000 to 10,000 per microliter depending on the severity of infection.  An  elevated  WBC count may also contain an increased number of immature forms of white cells called  "bands" 119.

Infectious diseases commonly invoke leukocytosis, with an increased number of neutrophils and immature circulating neutrophils. Neutrophil accumulation in tissue is a hallmark of inflammation. ACUTE INFLAMMATION is a stereotyped response to most kinds of noxious stimuli. and is associated with a variety of pathological conditions Compare "leukocyte estrace" 119 in UTI. Further, if alkaline 120 is found in presence of UTI symptoms and positive  leukocyte  esterase ,  likely  urea 121 splitting  such  as Proteus 122, allowing  urea  to  be  split  into CO2 123 and ammonia 124 , causing a rise in the body 's normally acid pH 125. Acid ph  can cause serious health concerns.   One toxin  that causes hepatic encephalopathy 126  is   ammonia. 127     Compare  Ammonia intoxication  See:  Urine pH  See:  Blood urea nitrogen test

 

eMedicine - Hyperammonemia : Article by Karl S Roth, MD

Inflammatory diseases of the brain 128 include abscess 129, meningitis or cerebrospinal meningitis 130, encephalitis 131 and vasculitis132. Compare:  ammonia  in  the  development  of  portal systemic  encephalopathy 133,  a  metabolic  encephalopathy 134   that occurs when the brain is exposed to toxic metabolites  of  gut origin  135 that reach the brain because of inadequate hepatic  clearance 136.


Meningitis  type infection causes swelling of brain tissue and hampers blood flow 137 , causing stroke symptoms that include paralysis 138. Bacterial meningitis  is a serious infection of the fluid in the spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain,  which can break through the body's immune defenses and travel to the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can also mimic the flu. Meningitis can kill in 24 hours if left untreated. Meningitis and septicaemia are separate diseases. However, the most common cause of bacterial meningitis (the meningococcus) often causes septicaemia at the same time. Meningitis causes the brain to swell. Bacterial meningitis infects the membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain. Infection, particularly basilar meningitis, can mimic the cranial nerve involvement seen in botulinum toxin poisoning. The infection may mimic space-occupying lesions in CNS, and the infected patient may present with hemiparesis, aphasia or seizures. The incubation period is generally two to six days. Some of the symptoms of meningitis are similar  to brain tumors 139., hence meningitis or organic brain disease can mimic the presence of brain tumors.  There is a marked similarity between findings related to this investigation and  "meningitis".

 

 


 

Meningitis

Clinically, many conditions producing increased intracranial pressure or progressive neurologic deficits

 mimic brain tumors. These include subdural hematomas, brain abscesses,hydrocephalus, benign

 intracranial hypertension, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, vascular

malformations, cerebral infarctions, Alzheimer's disease, and some congenital anomalies. Many of

 these conditions have characteristic radiologic appearances that enable them to be differentiated from

 brain tumors. However, some of them brain abscesses and certain inflammatory lesions, demyelinating

 disease, hamartomas, and congenital anomalies cannot be distinguished from brain tumors on the

 basis of their radiologic appearances alone, and a definite diagnosis often requires biopsy. Even when

the imaging characteristics of a lesion are very suggestive of a tumor,a biopsy is usually indicated to

obtain tissue for precise histologic diagnosis and grading of the tumor since these factors will have an

important bearing on treatment.
 

 

 

 

 

FIRSTConsult - Brain tumors, benign - Medical Condition File
... Advantage: can give evidence of metabolic or toxic encephalopathies or organic brain
disease that can mimic the presence of brain tumors. Normal. ...
www.firstconsult.com/?action=view_ article&id=1016551&type=101&bref=1 - Similar pages

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 14, Ch. 176, CNS Infections 

Organic brain syndromes (as the term is used historically) may apply to the complications of severe head trauma, drug toxicity, brain infection, and dozens of other causes Ask the Expert

 

Common precipitants of  hyperammonemia 140 , an elevated level of ammonia in the blood manifested by lethargy 141 and worsening mental status142 , renal failure  (when the kidneys fail to function properly) 143 , GI bleeding   144 infection and constipation.

Such precipitants of hepatic encephalopathy, such as metabolic disturbances, gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, and constipation should have been addressed , but were NOT..

OP-53  documents a history of  "bloody bowel movements when voiding"  for "4 days" and also that  she  was  pale 145 looking and lethargic 146 Pale skin suggests decreased blood supply to the skin.  The same record documents that for "2 weeks" she "had the flu", including "migraines" which had  "stopped this week"  that can be explained by the antibiotics 147 she was given on the days before, as evidenced at  A-8   of the record,  which documents  "She had presented to the Emergency Department several days ago with vomiting and it was thought she had a UTI. She was given antibiotics and sent home".  The key word here is "antibiotics". From that record it seems clear that she was at least benefiting from the antibiotics with a reduction seen in her "migraines" - actually ICP 148 with a causal relationship to toxicity and infection suggestive of abscess. Further,  submit that headache, vomiting, and lethargy are classic symptoms of increased intracranial pressure 149: Clinical Presentation: Hemorrhage -->increased ICP and toxicity 150.

The same record documents "Here 1 week ago for UTI. Last period on 6th of May". Onset of her menstrual period is closely related to her illness in which symptoms result from production of toxin suggestive of  staphylococcus 151, which may then wash backwards up through the vagina, uterus and fallopian tubes, or similar mechanism to be absorbed from the peritoneal lining  inside the abdomen. Case reports cited primarily in women who are having periods in which a blood-soaked tampon 152 may provide an excellent breeding ground for the  staph aureus  bacteria 153 present in the vagina, a significant cause of female urinary tract infections.

 Staphylococcus aureus 154, a bacterium 155 that can release toxins into the bloodstream,  is believed to cause Toxic shock syndrome 156. Although tampons themselves do not cause the TSS, they are suspected as acting as a carrier for the bacteria.

Interestingly,  the urinary tract is one of the few sites at which  coagulase-negative  staphylococci 157  are  more  usual   pathogens 158  than  s. aureus.159   S. aureus infection is unlikely to occur in patients with a normal urinary tract,  except in staphylococcal septicaemia 160 blood poisoning, when the organism can often be recovered from the urine 161, presumably the result of  microabscesses 162   in the kidney.    In TSS, acute renal failure, abnormal liver function and refractory hypotension follow. COMPARE: Staphylococcal Infections 163 in an afebrile 164 patient with Dehydration.  Up to fifty percent of patients with brain abscesses 165 may present with an afebrile history. Arlene Berry had an afebrile history as evidenced by the record.

 DURAL HEADACHES 166 - Perhaps the most common type, are  those resulting from autotoxicity 167 or an excess of blood metabolites 168,  such as from liver dysfunction. Compare Ototoxicity. 169

Toxic shock syndrome presents as a flu-like illness with or without fever, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation or toxic megacolon, general malaise, and muscle weakness. When TSS is treated appropriately, full recovery is the rule, although some patients may have persistent neuropsychologic dysfunction (eg, memory loss, lack of concentration), mild renal failure, late-onset rash, or onset of new allergies.

Compare also Proteus spp, 170 a gram-negative  motile 171,  aerobic rod shaped bacilli 172, urease positive 173, characteristic swarming  part of the normal flora 174 of the GI tract 175

A  leukocyte  response suggests leukocyte recruitment which may point to the likely offending organism as being a Gram-negative pathogen 176  Leukocyte recruitment 177 is the hallmark of the inflamatory response 178. Compare - The phases of inflammation

 According to my research, a negative urine test 179 can suggest the presence of unusual bacteria or viruses causing symptoms of UTI. Compare Pseudomonas aeruginosa 180, a gram-negative opportunistic pathogen 181 that frequently causes hospital-acquired infections producing symptoms of UTI, which can  easily spread from patient to patient,  causing outbreaks of infection with important implications for healthcare facilities.   Similarly, it can also be passed on by a patient or infected healthcare worker to outsiders, such as family and friends of a patient,  where it can further be transmitted to others within the community,  placing the entire community at risk for infection and further transmission,  such as seen in   assymptomatic 182 carriers.  Hence, the motive, in addition to fraud, for a hospital cover-up.

The major offender in the sterile bladder environment is the indwelling urinary catheter 183, but can also be test or procedure related.  For example,  coagulase-negative staphylococcus (S. epidermidis 184, due to presence of the germ "coagulase negative staph".  This is a common skin germ but can be pathologic 185 (cause infections) in the body, as it appears to have done here.

 The same healthcare provider (whose signature is illegible) also made a notation with respect to the  "flu" which had then been directed to the attention of the patient's "family MD",  Dr. Jordan.  The healthcare provider who saw her made a provisional diagnosis of UTI.  The test result from that diagnosis however, what I assume  to  have  been  a  urology  test,  or  a  blood culture 186 test,  evidenced at  OP-55 of the Outpatient Record later returned a finding of  "NO Growth" 187. Compare:  Urinalysis.   The same record documents "SEPTRA DS 188 GIVEN BEFORE & CIPRO GIVEN AFTER".  What is  Blood culture ? Compare:  Urine culture

The  commonest  isolate  from  cultures  nowadays  is  Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS)  mainly   due  to contamination  of  the  blood  after  being  taken  for  culture .    Reference:   nosocomial 188  infection.       Compare SEPSIS 189.

 

Septic shock  is a potentially lethal drop in blood pressure due to the presence of  bacteria in the blood

 

Major contributors to nosocomial infections include the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, poor hygiene practices by healthcare providers, incompetent staffing, substandard practices and apathy on the part of healthcare providers.  Nosocomial, derived from Latin, means "hospital-acquired" 190. The term is used to shield hospitals from the "embarrassment" of germ-related deaths and injuries,  injuries leading to death exacerbated by hospital cutbacks and carelessness by doctors and nurses.

To a distinctly greater extent or degree,  nosocomial infections often can be identified by clinical criteria alone191, such as through ongoing concurrent medical record review. Compare Genitourinary Emergencies 192 associated with the GI tract, and also genitourinary tract infections 193, with hospital acquired infections.

Although enterococci 194 are the most common cause of postoperative surgical site infection,  coagulase-negative staphylococci are ranked second due to increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The record at  A-28 documents a  Saline/Heparin Lock 196. Compare: coagulase-negative staphylococci in the presence of heparin 197. An indwelling intravenous catheter/device includes any capped catheter that is inserted into a patient抯 vein or artery including, but not limited to, saline/heparin locks.  A saline or  heparin  lock  is  a  short  peripheral  catheter 198 (1-2? usually present in the hand or forearm intended for intermittent infusions.  Saline or heparin flushes 199 are used to maintain patency. Various authors have cited potential problems 200 when using heparin as a flush solution, such as coagulase negative staphylococcus, including allergic reactions. Compare:   Urinary catheterization

According to the hospital outpatient record at OP-54,  the patient's recent head CT scan showed  "NO METASTASIS" 201, and her mediastinoscopy, samples of the cells and lymph nodes 202 that had also been done on the same date were found to be "NEGATIVE".    Notably, mediastinoscopy is also used to stage 203 lung cancer.  From that record it seems clear that NO clinically detectable metastasis were found.  The purpose of the mediastinoscopy is to show whether cancer or tumors have spread to the mediastinal nodes.  Problems with damage to internal organs,  infection,  and bleeding are possible and can also be detected from the mediastinoscopy.  What the family had found to be peculiar however,  was the dramatic voice change 204  following the mediastinoscopy that was done in Timmins on March 16th of 2000,  what I take  to be  iatrogenic vocal fold paresis  However, Arlene  had began to regain her voice in the days prior to her death .

The Outpatient Record at OP-53 documents "pale-looking and lethargic". Lethargy 206 is also associated with moderate to severe dehydration, including congestive heart failure 207. COMPARE: PROBLEMS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM 208, DEHYDRATION 209, and HYPOVOLEMIA 210  See  Restrictive cardiomyopathy  Damage to the heart muscle is called cardiomyopathy.  See:  Radiation and the Heart  Compare: Congestive cardiomyopathy  

The same record documents a history of  Tylenol and Aspirin, including  the notation "daughter states takes a lot" - suggests use of that can break the gastric barrier 211 and damage the gastric mucosa 212, ie, aspirin, NSAID's 213   (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Compare Salicylate Toxicity 214.

In humans,  the onset of gastrointestinal upset for many non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs is generally within the first 2-6 hours after ingestion 215,  with the onset of gastrointestinal hemorrhage 216 and ulceration 217 occurring 12 hours to 4 days post ingestion.  The onset of renal failure 218, in humans, often occurs within the first 12 hours after massive exposure to NSAID,  but may be delayed 219 up to 3-5 days  post exposure.


The most common symptoms of aspirin toxicity opoisoning 220 are the gastrointestinal effects suc